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    In Pakistan's unique automotive market, investors or individuals who book new vehicles often look to earn profits primarily through a phenomenon known as "own money" or "premium." This practice is a direct result of the chronic demand-supply gap and other market inefficiencies. Here's how those who‫اقرأ المزيد

    In Pakistan’s unique automotive market, investors or individuals who book new vehicles often look to earn profits primarily through a phenomenon known as “own money” or “premium.” This practice is a direct result of the chronic demand-supply gap and other market inefficiencies.

    Here’s how those who invest in new vehicles through booking in Pakistan typically try to earn profits:

    1. Selling with “Own Money” (Premium):
      • The Core Strategy: This is the most common and significant way profits are made. Due to long delivery times for new cars (sometimes months or even over a year, depending on the model and demand) and limited production by local assemblers, there’s a strong demand for immediate delivery.
      • How it Works:
        1. An individual or investor books a new car from an authorized dealer by paying the initial booking amount.
        2. They receive an estimated delivery date, which is often far in the future.
        3. Before the car is delivered, or immediately upon receiving it, they sell the booking or the newly delivered car to an eager buyer who is unwilling to wait for the official delivery period.
        4. This buyer pays the original car price plus an additional amount, known as “own money” or “premium,” for immediate delivery.
        5. The “investor” pockets this “own money” as profit.
      • Factors Contributing to “Own Money”:
        • Long Delivery Times: This is the primary driver. People need cars quickly for personal use, business, or rental purposes.
        • Limited Production Capacity: Local manufacturers often operate below their full capacity, leading to a shortage of vehicles.
        • High Demand: A growing middle class, rising income levels (at times), and changing lifestyles fuel demand.
        • Frequent Price Increases: Automakers in Pakistan frequently increase car prices due to currency devaluation (Pakistani Rupee depreciating against the US Dollar, as many components are imported), rising input costs, and new taxes. An investor booking a car at an older, lower price can sell it at a higher “market price” (inclusive of “own money”) when prices inevitably rise by the time of delivery.
        • Speculation: The expectation of “own money” itself fuels more speculative bookings, further exacerbating the demand-supply imbalance.
        • Government Policies/Taxes: Changes in government duties, taxes (like GST hikes), or import policies can instantly make existing bookings more valuable.
    2. Rental Business / Ride-Hailing Services:
      • Some investors purchase multiple vehicles, not for immediate resale with “own money,” but to establish or expand a car rental business or to operate them through ride-hailing platforms like Uber or Careem (though these platforms might have specific vehicle requirements and profitability varies greatly based on driver performance, fuel costs, and maintenance).
      • This is a longer-term investment where profit is earned through monthly rental income, but it involves operational costs and management.
    3. Capitalizing on Price Fluctuations (Less Common for New Bookings):
      • While “own money” is about immediate demand for new cars, some might try to profit from general car market trends. If they anticipate a significant price hike or a supply crunch, they might book a car with the intention of selling it later at a higher official price (if allowed by booking terms) or with an even higher “own money” premium.

    Impact and Criticisms:

    This “own money” phenomenon is widely criticized in Pakistan for several reasons:

    • Exploitation of Consumers: It forces genuine buyers to pay inflated prices.
    • Market Distortion: It creates an artificial demand and contributes to price instability.
    • Unfair Practices: It raises questions about ethical business practices within the automotive industry and dealership networks.
    • Tax Evasion: The “own money” component is often transacted unofficially, leading to undeclared income and tax evasion.
    • Hindrance to Local Industry: While local assemblers often benefit from the high demand, the practice of “own money” also highlights their failure to meet market demand efficiently, leading to consumer dissatisfaction and calls for increased imports or production.

    The government and regulatory bodies have attempted to curb the “own money” practice through various measures, such as requiring buyers to be filers (taxpayers) for car purchases, increasing booking periods, and making it harder to transfer bookings, but the underlying supply-demand gap and economic instability often lead to its persistence.

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    The sudden and significant increase in chicken meat prices in Pakistan is a complex issue driven by a confluence of factors, as reported by various sources. Here's a breakdown of the key reasons: 1. Soaring Input Costs, Especially Poultry Feed: Feed as a Major Expense: Poultry feed accounts for a su‫اقرأ المزيد

    The sudden and significant increase in chicken meat prices in Pakistan is a complex issue driven by a confluence of factors, as reported by various sources. Here’s a breakdown of the key reasons:

    1. Soaring Input Costs, Especially Poultry Feed:

    • Feed as a Major Expense: Poultry feed accounts for a substantial portion (70-80%) of the total production cost for farmers.
    • Soybean Import Issues: A major contributing factor has been the ban or severe restrictions on the import of genetically modified (GM) soybean, a critical ingredient in poultry feed, since October 2022. While non-GM soybean is imported from African countries, it’s often of lower quality and more expensive due to container shipping rather than bulk shiploads.
    • Global Commodity Price Fluctuations: Pakistan’s reliance on imports for key feed ingredients like soybeans and corn makes the poultry industry vulnerable to global price shifts.
    • Increased Local Feed Prices: The price of poultry feed has skyrocketed, with reports of increases up to 82% in the recent past.

    2. Cartelization and Market Manipulation:

    • Hatchery Cartel: There are strong allegations of a “hatchery cartel” that has artificially inflated the price of day-old chicks. These chicks are reportedly being sold at significantly higher prices than their actual production cost.
    • Control by Large Companies: A few large breeding companies that also own their farms are accused of manipulating supply. When live broiler prices drop due to supply-demand dynamics, these companies reportedly do not pass on the lower prices to consumers. Instead, they use the breed for their own farms, and in some cases, restrict breeders for extended periods, leading to closures of smaller poultry farms.
    • Unregulated Market Structure: The lack of robust regulatory frameworks and oversight allows for price manipulation and inconsistencies across different regions.

    3. Decline in Production and Supply Issues:

    • Farm Closures: The unbearable production costs, primarily due to high feed and day-old chick prices, have led to the closure of a significant number of small and medium-sized poultry farms (over 50% according to some reports). This directly reduces the overall supply of chicken.
    • Reduced Grandparent Stock Imports: The import of “grandparent stock” (GPs), which are birds that produce parent stock, has dramatically decreased. This has a cascading effect on the number of broilers available for consumption, leading to a projected significant drop in chicken production.
    • Poultry Diseases and Mortality Rates: Outbreaks of diseases like avian influenza can devastate flocks, leading to mass culling and further reducing supply. Increased vaccination and veterinary costs also add to the overall expense.
    • Supply Chain Disruptions: Inefficiencies in the supply chain, including high transportation costs, poor storage facilities, and the involvement of multiple intermediaries and commission agents (whose fees can be substantial), contribute to increased prices and spoilage.

    4. General Inflation and Economic Conditions:

    • Wider Inflationary Pressures: Pakistan has been experiencing high general inflation, which impacts all aspects of the economy, including transportation, labor, fuel, and electricity – all contributing to the cost of chicken production.
    • Currency Depreciation: The depreciation of the Pakistani rupee against major currencies makes imported inputs (like feed ingredients) even more expensive in local currency terms.
    • Increased Energy Costs: Poultry farms often rely on diesel generators in areas with unreliable electricity, and rising fuel prices significantly add to their operating costs.

    5. Government Inaction and Regulatory Loopholes:

    • Weak Enforcement of Price Controls: Despite government-imposed rates, chicken and meat are often sold far above official prices, indicating lax enforcement and regulatory loopholes. For instance, the Punjab government might set prices for live chicken but not for processed broiler meat, allowing sellers to exploit the gap.
    • Lack of Support for Farmers: Small farmers often lack access to financial credit, modern equipment, and proper training, making it harder for them to sustain their businesses amidst rising costs.

    In summary, the high cost of chicken in Pakistan is a result of a perfect storm of rising input costs (especially feed), alleged cartelization and market manipulation, reduced production due to farm closures and import issues, general economic inflation,

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    Consumers in Muslim countries, including Pakistan, have called for a boycott of the fashion brand Zara primarily due to two main reasons, both tied to the ongoing Israel-Palestine conflict: Controversial Advertising Campaign (December 2023): The "The Jacket" Campaign: In December 2023, Zara launched‫اقرأ المزيد

    Consumers in Muslim countries, including Pakistan, have called for a boycott of the fashion brand Zara primarily due to two main reasons, both tied to the ongoing Israel-Palestine conflict:

    1. Controversial Advertising Campaign (December 2023):
      • The “The Jacket” Campaign: In December 2023, Zara launched an advertising campaign titled “The Jacket” which featured mannequins with missing limbs and statues wrapped in white shrouds amidst what appeared to be rubble and destroyed environments.
      • Public Outcry: Many social media users and activists quickly drew parallels between these images and the devastating scenes emerging from Gaza, where thousands of Palestinians, including women and children, have been killed, and bodies are often wrapped in white cloths for burial according to Islamic tradition.
      • Accusations of Insensitivity: The campaign was widely criticized as “tone-deaf,” insensitive, and even mocking the suffering and death in Gaza. Hashtags like #BoycottZara trended globally, including in Muslim-majority countries.
      • Zara’s Response: Zara’s parent company, Inditex, removed the controversial images from its website and social media. They stated that the campaign was conceived in July and photographed in September (before the escalation of the conflict in October 2023) and was intended to showcase craft-made garments in an artistic context resembling a sculptor’s studio. They expressed regret for the “misunderstanding” and the offense caused. However, for many, the damage was already done.
    2. Previous Anti-Palestinian Comments by a Zara Executive (2021):
      • Vanessa Perilman’s Remarks: In 2021, screenshots circulated online showing an exchange between Zara’s head designer for the women’s department, Vanessa Perilman, and Palestinian model Qaher Harhash. In these messages, Perilman made inflammatory and anti-Palestinian comments, suggesting, among other things, that Palestinians were uneducated and that Israelis did not teach children to hate.
      • Renewed Outrage: While Zara’s parent company, Inditex, at the time distanced itself from Perilman’s remarks, stating they do not tolerate disrespect for any culture or religion, these comments resurfaced during the December 2023 controversy, further fueling calls for a boycott. Many consumers felt that the brand had a history of insensitivity towards Palestinians.

    These incidents, particularly the perceived insensitivity of the advertising campaign amidst a humanitarian crisis in Gaza, led to widespread anger and calls for boycotts from consumers, activists, and pro-Palestinian groups in Muslim countries like Pakistan and beyond. The boycotts are a form of consumer activism aimed at pressuring brands to be more socially responsible and to align with humanitarian values.

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    The perception that "a rich man's car has become cheap in Pakistan, and a common man's ride has become expensive" points to a complex interplay of economic factors, government policies, and market dynamics. While it might seem counterintuitive, there are several reasons why this situation can arise‫اقرأ المزيد

    The perception that “a rich man’s car has become cheap in Pakistan, and a common man’s ride has become expensive” points to a complex interplay of economic factors, government policies, and market dynamics. While it might seem counterintuitive, there are several reasons why this situation can arise in Pakistan:

    Why “Rich Man’s Cars” Might Seem Cheaper (or Less Affected by Price Hikes):

    1. Taxation Structures and Loopholes:
      • Tiered Import Duties: Historically, Pakistan’s import duties on cars have been highly tiered, with higher percentages for smaller engine capacities and lower percentages for larger, more luxurious vehicles. This was intended to discourage imports of smaller, mass-market cars to protect local assemblers, but it inadvertently made larger, more expensive cars relatively less burdened by import duties in comparison to their base price.
      • Specific SROs/Policies for Luxury Vehicles: There might be specific Statutory Regulatory Orders (SROs) or policies that offer concessions or different tax structures for certain high-value or specific types of luxury vehicles, especially if they are imported under specific schemes (e.g., diplomatic, personal baggage, or specific investor schemes).
      • Under-invoicing/Misdeclaration: While illegal, under-invoicing or misdeclaring the value of high-end imported vehicles is a known issue that can artificially lower the declared cost and thus the customs duties and taxes paid, making them “cheaper” for the end-user.
      • Resale Value and Investment: For the wealthy, luxury cars are often seen as an investment or a hedge against inflation. They retain their value (or even appreciate in some cases due to high demand and limited supply) better than the depreciating Pakistani Rupee. This means that while the sticker price might be high, the actual “cost” of ownership over time might be less for the rich due to strong resale.
    2. Dollar Exchange Rate Impact:
      • Devaluation of PKR: The continuous devaluation of the Pakistani Rupee against the US Dollar makes all imported goods, including car parts (for locally assembled cars) and completely built units (CBUs), more expensive in PKR terms. However, the impact on a car that already costs tens of millions of rupees might seem proportionally smaller to a rich buyer than the impact on a motorcycle that constitutes a much larger percentage of a common man’s income.
      • Forex Accessibility: Rich individuals often have easier access to foreign exchange or offshore accounts, allowing them to purchase imported vehicles directly or with less exposure to the volatile local currency market fluctuations.
    3. Market Dynamics for Luxury Segment:
      • Limited Supply, High Demand: The luxury car market in Pakistan is characterized by limited supply and high demand from a niche segment. This allows importers and dealers to maintain high-profit margins regardless of broader economic conditions.
      • “Own Money” (Premium): The practice of “own money” (paying a premium to get a car immediately instead of waiting for months) is prevalent for both luxury and common cars, but the sheer volume of “own money” on some luxury vehicles can be substantial, indicating a willingness to pay more, which paradoxically can drive up the actual price for those willing to pay the premium. However, if a particular policy shifts, it might reduce this premium for some models.
      • Tax Adjustments in Recent Budgets: There have been instances where budget policies have adjusted taxes on different engine capacities. For example, a recent budget (2025) might have introduced a new tax slab or removed an older one that previously disproportionately affected smaller vehicles, or perhaps even inadvertently eased the burden on some larger vehicles. The provided search result mentions “The company lowered huge amount (15lac approx) to come under the 4million to avoid 25% tax for above 4million vehicle,” which implies that manufacturers strategically adjust prices to fall into lower tax brackets, benefiting buyers of those specific models.

    Why “Common Man’s Rides” (Motorcycles, Public Transport) Have Become More Expensive:

    1. Fuel Price Hikes:
      • Primary Driver: This is arguably the biggest reason. Petrol prices in Pakistan have risen significantly due to international oil prices, currency devaluation, and government taxes. Motorcycles and public transport (buses, rickshaws) are heavily reliant on petrol/diesel, and these increased fuel costs are directly passed on to the consumer in the form of higher fares and running costs.
      • Inflationary Spiral: Increased fuel costs contribute to overall inflation, affecting the prices of spare parts, tires, and labor for maintenance of two-wheelers and public transport vehicles.
    2. Inflation and Devaluation:
      • Raw Material Costs: Even for locally assembled motorcycles, many components (e.g., engines, specialized electronics, some raw materials) are imported. The devaluation of the Rupee makes these imported parts more expensive, increasing the manufacturing cost.
      • Increased Production Costs: Higher electricity tariffs, wages, and other operational costs for local manufacturers of motorcycles also contribute to price hikes.
    3. Government Policies and Taxes on Local Industry:
      • Sales Tax and Other Duties: The government levies various taxes on locally manufactured or assembled vehicles, including sales tax. Any increase in these taxes directly impacts the ex-factory price of motorcycles.
      • Digital Presence Proceeds Tax Act: Recent budget measures, such as the 5% Digital Presence Proceeds Tax and an 18% sales tax on goods sold from abroad, affect online marketplaces like Temu and AliExpress, which are often used by common people for cheaper goods. While this doesn’t directly relate to motorcycles, it shows a trend of increasing taxes on common goods and services.
    4. Limited Public Transport Investment:
      • Underdevelopment: Pakistan’s public transport infrastructure has historically been underdeveloped and underfunded in many cities. This lack of efficient, affordable public transport forces a reliance on private motorcycles or costly rickshaws/taxis.
      • Private Sector Dominance: Much of the public transport sector is run by the private sector, which passes on all operational costs, including fuel and maintenance, directly to the passengers without significant government subsidies (unlike the electric bike subsidies recently announced, which are a new development).
    5. Lack of Competition (for Smaller Cars/Motorcycles):
      • While new players have entered the car market, the smaller car and motorcycle segments still have a limited number of major players, which can result in less competitive pricing compared to a truly open market.

    In summary, the situation is a consequence of Pakistan’s specific taxation policies (which sometimes inadvertently favor higher-end vehicles), the continuous devaluation of the Rupee, high fuel prices, and the general inflationary environment that disproportionately affects the cost of essential goods and services, including daily transport for the common man. The common man’s vehicle is a necessity, and its rising cost directly impacts their daily budget, whereas a luxury car, while expensive in absolute terms, might represent a smaller proportional burden or even an investment for the wealthy.

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    Pakistan has launched its National Electric Vehicle (NEV) Policy 2025-30, which includes a substantial plan to provide billions of rupees in subsidies for electric bikes and rickshaws. Here's the plan and how it benefits buyers: The Plan: Significant Subsidy Allocation: An initial subsidy of Rs 9 bi‫اقرأ المزيد

    Pakistan has launched its National Electric Vehicle (NEV) Policy 2025-30, which includes a substantial plan to provide billions of rupees in subsidies for electric bikes and rickshaws.

    Here’s the plan and how it benefits buyers:

    The Plan:

    • Significant Subsidy Allocation: An initial subsidy of Rs 9 billion has been allocated for the fiscal year 2025-26. The government projects a cumulative subsidy of over Rs 100 billion for the five-year program.
    • Targeted Vehicles: This initial subsidy aims to facilitate 116,053 electric bikes و 3,171 electric rickshaws.
    • Quota for Women: Importantly, 25% of the subsidy is reserved for women to promote safe, affordable, and eco-friendly mobility.
    • Digital Platform for Transparency: A fully digital platform has been introduced for transparent online application, verification, and disbursement of subsidies.
    • Subsidized Financing: The policy also aims to reduce financing costs, with proposals for financing at a low Kibor rate (Karachi Interbank Offered Rate) where the government covers a significant portion of the financial cost. This could result in monthly installments lower than projected fuel savings.
    • Focus on Local Manufacturing: Incentives are being provided to domestic producers to encourage local manufacturing, with over 90% of parts for two- and three-wheelers already manufactured locally. Locally produced goods are expected to be 30-40% cheaper than imported alternatives.
    • Infrastructure Development: The policy outlines the installation of 40 new EV charging stations on motorways and includes provisions for battery swapping systems and mandatory integration of EV charging points in new building codes.

    Benefits for Buyers:

    • Reduced Upfront Cost: The direct subsidy will significantly lower the initial purchase price of electric bikes, making them more affordable and accessible to a wider range of people, particularly middle-class families.
    • Lower Running Costs: Electric bikes are considerably cheaper to operate than petrol bikes.
      • Fuel Savings: Charging an electric bike costs a fraction of what would be spent on petrol. Users can save thousands of rupees annually, with some estimates suggesting the cost of charging for 100km is as low as PKR 50-70, compared to PKR 4,500-5,500 for a petrol bike for similar usage.
      • Quick Payback Period: The initial investment in an electric bike is expected to be recovered within approximately one year and ten months due to significant fuel savings.
    • Reduced Maintenance: Electric bikes have fewer moving parts than traditional petrol bikes, leading to lower maintenance costs (no oil changes, spark plug replacements, or engine overhauls).
    • Environmentally Friendly: Buyers contribute to a cleaner environment by choosing a zero-emission mode of transport, helping to reduce urban air pollution and carbon emissions.
    • Financial Accessibility: The combination of subsidies and potentially Shariah-compliant installment plans with low or no interest makes electric bike ownership more financially feasible for individuals who might not be able to afford a large upfront payment.
    • Improved Mobility for Women: The reserved quota ensures that women have increased access to safe, affordable, and eco-friendly transportation.

    In essence, the Pakistani government’s plan aims to make electric bikes a highly attractive and practical alternative to traditional petrol bikes, offering substantial financial benefits to buyers while also promoting environmental sustainability and industrial growth.

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    Australia has commenced Exercise Talisman Sabre 2025, which, according to defense authorities and news reports, is the largest iteration of this biennial exercise to date. While the scale and nature of the exercise reflect the ongoing strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific, it is an oversimplific‫اقرأ المزيد

    Australia has commenced Exercise Talisman Sabre 2025, which, according to defense authorities and news reports, is the largest iteration of this biennial exercise to date. While the scale and nature of the exercise reflect the ongoing strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific, it is an oversimplification to interpret this event as a direct preparation for imminent war between the United States and China.
    Exercise Talisman Sabre 2025: Scale and Purpose
    Exercise Talisman Sabre 2025 (TS25) is a major, multinational military training activity co-hosted by Australia and the United States. It officially began on July 13, 2025.
    Key features of TS25:
    * Participants: Over 35,000 military personnel from 19 nations are participating. Key participants include the United States, Australia, and other partners such as Canada, Fiji, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Tonga, and the United Kingdom. Notably, China is not a participant in the exercise, although Malaysia and Vietnam are attending as observers.
    * Focus: The exercise focuses on “multi-domain warfighting,” including amphibious and airborne operations, firepower demonstrations, and combat scenarios across land, air, sea, space, and cyber domains. It is designed to enhance interoperability and strengthen the alliances among participating nations.
    * Stated Objectives: Australian and US officials emphasize that TS25 aims to strengthen alliances and enhance the collective capability to respond to various security concerns in the Indo-Pacific region, promoting a “peaceful, stable and sovereign Indo-Pacific.”
    Military Exercises and Geopolitical Context
    Large-scale military exercises, particularly those in the Indo-Pacific involving the US and its allies, are often viewed within the broader context of rising tensions with China. China’s increasing assertiveness in the South China Sea, its military modernization, and its posture toward Taiwan are significant factors influencing regional security dynamics.
    While military exercises can serve as signaling tools, demonstrating resolve and capability, they are primarily focused on training, improving readiness, and fostering interoperability among allied forces.
    The US-China Relationship
    The current state of US-China relations is characterized by complex strategic competition across military, economic, technological, and ideological domains.
    * Competition and Deterrence: Both nations are engaged in a strategic rivalry. The US, through exercises like Talisman Sabre, aims to strengthen alliances and maintain a credible deterrent presence in the region.
    * Avoiding Conflict: Despite the tensions, both the US and China have consistently stated a desire to avoid direct military conflict. There is ongoing emphasis on communication channels to manage the relationship and prevent miscalculations.
    Conclusion
    Exercise Talisman Sabre 2025 is a demonstration of the strong US-Australia alliance and a significant effort to enhance cooperation among partner nations in the Indo-Pacific. While the exercise is clearly a response to the evolving security environment, particularly the heightened tensions in the region, it does not, in itself, signify that the US and China are preparing for imminent war.
    Military exercises are a routine part of international relations and defense strategy. While they demonstrate military capability and alliance cohesion, they are generally intended to maintain stability and deterrence rather than signal immediate conflict.

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    In Pakistan, "Golden Handshake" refers to a severance package offered to employees, often as part of a Voluntary Separation Scheme (VSS), to encourage them to leave an organization. This is typically done for various reasons, including: * Downsizing and restructuring: Companies and government depart‫اقرأ المزيد

    In Pakistan, “Golden Handshake” refers to a severance package offered to employees, often as part of a Voluntary Separation Scheme (VSS), to encourage them to leave an organization. This is typically done for various reasons, including:
    * Downsizing and restructuring: Companies and government departments use it to reduce their workforce and cut costs, especially for surplus or redundant employees.
    * Improving efficiency: By offering a golden handshake, organizations aim to streamline operations and retain only the most efficient staff.
    * Government policy: The government may introduce such schemes to reduce pension liabilities or align the civil bureaucracy with more efficient models.
    Who is typically eligible for a Golden Handshake in Pakistan?
    While specific criteria can vary depending on the organization and the scheme offered, some common patterns emerge:
    * Public Sector Employees: Government departments and public sector entities often implement Golden Handshake schemes. For example, the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) and Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) have offered such schemes to their permanent staff. The government is also reportedly planning to offer golden handshakes to “surplus” federal government employees as part of an IMF plan to reduce the size of the government.
    * Employees of organizations undergoing privatization or restructuring: Companies like PTCL have offered VSS packages during their restructuring phases.
    * Employees meeting certain service and age criteria: Schemes often have stipulations regarding minimum years of service and sometimes age limits. For instance, a past PMDC scheme was offered to employees less than 55 years of age with 10 years or more of service.
    * Voluntary participants: Most golden handshake schemes are voluntary, meaning employees choose to accept the offer. However, in some cases, a “compulsory golden handshake” might be applicable if an employee’s services are no longer required and they didn’t opt for the voluntary scheme.
    Key characteristics of Golden Handshake schemes in Pakistan often include:
    * Financial incentives: This is the core of the golden handshake, providing a lump sum payment, which may include benefits like double commutation of pension, leave encashment, a welfare grant (e.g., equivalent to one year’s salary), and provident fund contributions.
    * Early retirement: It allows employees to retire before their official retirement age.
    * Voluntary or sometimes compulsory: While usually voluntary, some situations may involve a compulsory aspect for certain employees.
    It’s important to note that the specifics of a Golden Handshake package, including eligibility and benefits, are determined by the organization offering it and any relevant government policies or acts.

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