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What are parathyroid glands?

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      The parathyroid glands are small, pea-sized endocrine glands that play a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body. Most people have four parathyroid glands, typically located on the back side of the thyroid gland in the neck. Here's a breakdown of their key aspects: * Location: While mo‫اقرأ المزيد

      The parathyroid glands are small, pea-sized endocrine glands that play a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body. Most people have four parathyroid glands, typically located on the back side of the thyroid gland in the neck.
      Here’s a breakdown of their key aspects:
      * Location: While most commonly found embedded in or near the thyroid gland in the neck, their exact position can vary. Some individuals may have “ectopic” parathyroid glands located in other areas, such as along the esophagus or in the chest.
      * Function: Their primary function is to produce and release parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH is essential for maintaining precise calcium levels in the blood, which is vital for the proper functioning of nerves, muscles, and bones.
      * How PTH works: When blood calcium levels are low, the parathyroid glands release PTH. This hormone then acts on:
      * Bones: It stimulates the release of calcium from bones into the bloodstream.
      * Kidneys: It signals the kidneys to reabsorb more calcium (preventing its loss in urine) and to convert weaker forms of vitamin D into its active form.
      * Intestines: Active vitamin D, in turn, helps the intestines absorb more calcium from food.
      * Importance of calcium: Calcium is a critical mineral involved in numerous bodily processes, including:
      * Bone and teeth strength
      * Muscle contraction
      * Nerve signal transmission
      * Blood clotting
      Disruptions in parathyroid gland function can lead to imbalances in calcium levels, causing conditions like hyperparathyroidism (too much PTH, leading to high calcium) or hypoparathyroidism (too little PTH, leading to low calcium).

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