The high failure rate in Pakistan's Civil Superior Services (CSS) exam is a persistent issue, with multiple contributing factors. Here's a breakdown of the main reasons: 1. Weak English Language and Writing Skills: * Poor Grammar and Composition: Many candidates struggle with basic English grammar,اقرأ المزيد
The high failure rate in Pakistan’s Civil Superior Services (CSS) exam is a persistent issue, with multiple contributing factors. Here’s a breakdown of the main reasons:
1. Weak English Language and Writing Skills:
* Poor Grammar and Composition: Many candidates struggle with basic English grammar, sentence structure, and coherent expression, which are crucial for the English Essay and English (Precis and Composition) papers – often the subjects where most candidates fail.
* Lack of Analytical and Critical Thinking: The exam demands more than rote memorization. Candidates often fail to analyze issues critically, develop strong arguments, and present their ideas with clarity and logical structure.
* Insufficient Writing Practice: Many aspirants do not practice writing full-length answers or essays under timed conditions, leading to slow writing speed, poorly structured responses, and incomplete papers in the actual exam.
* Reliance on Memorization over Understanding: Students often prioritize memorizing facts and information rather than developing a deep understanding of concepts and the ability to articulate their own reasoned perspectives.
2. Inadequate Preparation and Study Habits:
* Unstructured Preparation: Many students lack a proper strategic plan for their preparation, leading to disorganized study and inefficient use of time.
* Outdated Resources: Reliance on brief summaries, guidebooks, or outdated class notes is common. These resources often lack the depth, critical perspective, and updated information required to excel.
* Overloading New Topics: Attempting to cover excessive new material close to the exam instead of focusing on revision can disrupt retention and cause mental exhaustion.
* Poor Subject Selection: Candidates sometimes choose optional subjects based on trends or perceived scoring potential, rather than their prior knowledge or interest, leading to poor performance.
3. Systemic and Educational Challenges:
* Outdated Examination System: Critics argue that the CSS exam system is outdated and doesn’t adequately assess modern skills needed for civil service, with a lack of dedicated cadres for crucial modern sectors like technology or finance.
* Focus on Theoretical Evaluation: The exam heavily emphasizes theoretical knowledge through long essays and extensive syllabi, which may not fully reflect a candidate’s aptitude for practical administration.
* Quality of Coaching Academies: While many candidates rely on coaching academies, some officials criticize these institutions for promoting rote learning and memorization of likely questions rather than encouraging critical thinking and originality.
* Lack of Quality Teachers: The broader education system in Pakistan may not effectively prepare students with the necessary English language and analytical skills required for the CSS exam.
* Societal Pressure and Expectations: The immense societal and familial pressure associated with the CSS exam can lead to increased anxiety, stress, and self-doubt among candidates, hindering their performance.
* Low Passing Rate: The consistently low passing rate (often around 2-3%) itself creates a sense of discouragement and intensifies the pressure on aspirants.
4. Other Factors:
* Time Management Issues: Many candidates struggle with managing their time effectively during preparation and in the actual exam.
* Lack of Originality: Over-reliance on pre-packaged answers or ideas from guidebooks can stifle originality and creative thought, which examiners often look for.
* Test Anxiety: The fear of underperformance can lead to anxiety and loss of focus, impacting a candidate’s ability to perform effectively.
In essence, a combination of individual preparation deficiencies, systemic educational shortcomings, and the demanding nature of the exam itself contributes to the high failure rate in Pakistan’s civil service examination.
العربية 
English
The premise that "only men are responsible for affairs after marriage" is inaccurate. Infidelity is a complex issue that involves both men and women, and the responsibility for an affair lies with the individual who chooses to violate the boundaries of their committed relationship. Here's why the idاقرأ المزيد
The premise that “only men are responsible for affairs after marriage” is inaccurate. Infidelity is a complex issue that involves both men and women, and the responsibility for an affair lies with the individual who chooses to violate the boundaries of their committed relationship.
قراءة أقلHere’s why the idea of only men being responsible is a misconception, along with some factors that contribute to how blame is sometimes assigned:
1. Both Men and Women Cheat:
Research consistently shows that both men and women engage in extramarital affairs. While historical data might have shown a higher rate for men, the gender gap is narrowing, and some studies even suggest that in certain age groups, women might be slightly more likely to cheat. The motivations for cheating can differ between genders (e.g., men sometimes cited physical attraction, women more often emotional dissatisfaction), but the act itself is not exclusive to one sex.
2. Individual Responsibility:
An affair is a choice made by an individual. While relationship problems, unmet needs, or personal issues can contribute to vulnerability, they do not justify or excuse the act of infidelity. The person who cheats is accountable for their decision to break their vows and seek intimacy outside the marriage.
3. Societal and Cultural Biases in Blame:
Despite the reality of both genders cheating, societal and cultural factors often influence how blame is assigned:
* Traditional Gender Roles: In some patriarchal societies, there can be a tendency to excuse male infidelity as “natural” or to blame the “other woman” for luring the man. Conversely, women who cheat may face harsher judgment and social ostracization.
* “Other Woman” Blame: It’s a common phenomenon, particularly when a man cheats, for the “other woman” to be heavily blamed, sometimes even more than the cheating husband. This deflects responsibility from the person who is actually in the committed relationship.
* Perceptions of Vulnerability: There might be a subconscious bias to view the unfaithful husband as having been “lured” or “tempted,” thereby diminishing his agency and shifting blame.
* Legal Frameworks (Historically): Historically, some adultery laws specifically targeted married women, or placed the onus of the “crime” primarily on the man involved with a married woman, reflecting a societal view that a woman’s fidelity was tied to her husband’s property or honor. While these laws have largely been repealed in Western countries, some of these attitudes can persist.
4. The Role of the “Other Person”:
While the primary responsibility for an affair lies with the person in the committed relationship, the “other person” is also often seen as having some degree of responsibility, especially if they knowingly engage with someone who is married. However, this doesn’t absolve the cheating spouse of their primary responsibility.
In conclusion, attributing responsibility for marital affairs solely to men is a harmful and inaccurate generalization. Infidelity is a breakdown of trust and commitment, and both men and women are capable of making the choice to engage in it. The responsibility ultimately lies with the individual who betrays their partner.