The Calcutta High Court has directed cricketer Mohammed Shami to pay his estranged wife, Hasin Jahan, and their daughter a monthly alimony of Rs 4 lakh.

Specifically, this amount is broken down as:

• Rs 1.50 lakh per month for Hasin Jahan.
• Rs 2.50 lakh per month for their daughter.

This decision revises an earlier order from a district sessions court that had mandated lower amounts. Hasin Jahan had initially sought a higher amount. Her lawyer has indicated that there is a chance the maintenance might be upgraded to Rs 6 lakh in the future, as the high court has directed the trial court to dispose of the main application within six months.

Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that typically occur during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. While the exact cause of nightmares isn’t fully understood, they are often linked to a combination of psychological, physiological, and lifestyle factors.
Here are some common reasons why nightmares happen:
1. Psychological Factors:
* Stress and Anxiety: This is one of the most frequent triggers. Everyday stresses from work, school, or personal life, as well as major life changes (like a move, job loss, or death of a loved one), can manifest as disturbing dreams. The brain may be trying to process unresolved worries and fears.
* Trauma: Nightmares are a hallmark symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals who have experienced traumatic events (accidents, abuse, natural disasters) often relive these events or experience themes related to their trauma in their dreams.
* Mental Health Conditions: Conditions like depression, generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia are frequently associated with an increased occurrence of nightmares.
* Emotional Processing: Some theories suggest that dreaming, including nightmares, is a way for the mind to process emotions and integrate memories from waking life. Nightmares might be the brain’s attempt to confront and work through difficult or negative experiences.
* Personality Traits: People who are more sensitive to negative emotions or who score low in emotional stability may be more prone to distressing nightmares.
2. Physiological Factors:
* Sleep Deprivation/Irregular Sleep Schedule: Not getting enough sleep or having an inconsistent sleep schedule can disrupt REM sleep and lead to a “REM rebound,” where the body tries to catch up on REM sleep, potentially leading to more vivid and disturbing dreams. Insomnia is also linked to increased nightmares.
* Medications: Certain medications can trigger nightmares as a side effect. These include some antidepressants, blood pressure medications (beta-blockers), drugs for Parkinson’s disease, and even some over-the-counter drugs. Withdrawal from certain medications can also cause nightmares.
* Substance Use/Withdrawal: Alcohol and recreational drug use, as well as withdrawal from these substances, can disrupt sleep patterns and lead to nightmares.
* Other Sleep Disorders: Conditions like sleep apnea (where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep) and restless legs syndrome can interfere with sleep quality and contribute to nightmares.
* Fever/Illness: High fevers can often lead to more vivid and sometimes frightening “fever dreams” or nightmares.
* Eating Before Bed: Some people report that eating heavy meals or certain foods close to bedtime can increase metabolism and brain activity, potentially leading to nightmares.
3. External and Lifestyle Factors:
* Scary Media: Watching frightening movies or reading scary books, especially before bed, can influence dream content and trigger nightmares for some individuals.
* Uncomfortable Sleeping Conditions: While not as common, an uncomfortable sleeping position or environment could potentially contribute to disturbed sleep and bad dreams.
It’s important to note that occasional nightmares are a normal part of life and usually nothing to worry about. However, if nightmares are frequent, severe, or significantly disrupt sleep and daily functioning, it may indicate a condition like nightmare disorder, and seeking professional advice from a doctor or sleep specialist can be beneficial.

While there have been reports and concerns about heart-related issues in young people after COVID-19 vaccination, major studies and health organizations generally conclude that:
* No clear link to sudden cardiac arrest/heart attacks: Recent studies, including those from AIIMS Delhi and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), have found no evidence that COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of sudden cardiac arrest or heart attack deaths in young people. These sudden deaths are more often linked to underlying conditions, lifestyle factors, or genetic predispositions.
* Myocarditis and Pericarditis are rare: There is a known, though rare, link between mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (like Pfizer and Moderna) and an increased risk of myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and pericarditis (inflammation of the lining around the heart).
* Incidence: These cases are very rare, occurring in up to 1 in 10,000 people for Pfizer’s and Moderna’s vaccines.
* Demographics: They are more common in young males under the age of 25, particularly after the second dose.
* Severity: When they occur, these conditions are typically mild and resolve quickly, with most patients recovering by hospital discharge. Serious outcomes are very uncommon.
* COVID-19 infection poses a higher risk: Research consistently shows that getting COVID-19 itself is much more likely to cause myocarditis and other serious heart complications (including heart attack and stroke) than the vaccine.
* Benefits outweigh risks: Medical experts and health organizations worldwide emphasize that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19 far outweigh the very rare risks of adverse events like myocarditis.
In summary, while specific heart inflammatory conditions (myocarditis and pericarditis) have been rarely associated with COVID-19 vaccines, particularly in young males, there is no evidence to suggest the vaccines are causing widespread heart attacks or sudden cardiac deaths in young people. The risk of heart complications from the COVID-19 infection itself is significantly higher.

گرم موسم میں انڈے کھانے کے کئی فائدے ہوتے ہیں، اور یہ ایک عام غلط فہمی ہے کہ ان کی تاثیر گرم ہونے کی وجہ سے انہیں گرمیوں میں نہیں کھانا چاہیے۔ حقیقت میں، انڈے ہر موسم میں فائدہ مند ہوتے ہیں، بشرطیکہ انہیں مناسب مقدار میں استعمال کیا جائے۔
گرم موسم میں انڈے کھانے کے چند اہم فوائد یہ ہیں:
* پروٹین کا بہترین ذریعہ: انڈے اعلیٰ معیار کی پروٹین سے بھرپور ہوتے ہیں جو جسمانی نشوونما، پٹھوں کی صحت اور مرمت کے لیے ضروری ہیں۔ گرمیوں میں جب جسم زیادہ توانائی استعمال کرتا ہے، پروٹین جسم کو توانائی فراہم کرتا ہے اور تھکاوٹ سے بچاتا ہے۔
* وٹامنز اور منرلز: انڈوں میں مختلف قسم کے وٹامنز اور منرلز پائے جاتے ہیں جن میں وٹامن A، وٹامن D، وٹامن B12، بائیوٹن، رائبوفلاوین، سیلینیم، آئرن، اور کولین شامل ہیں۔ یہ تمام غذائی اجزاء جسم کے کئی افعال کے لیے ضروری ہیں، جیسے:
* وٹامن A اور اینٹی آکسیڈینٹس: یہ آنکھوں کی صحت کے لیے فائدہ مند ہیں اور بینائی کو بہتر بناتے ہیں۔
* وٹامن D اور کیلشیم: ہڈیوں اور دانتوں کو مضبوط بناتے ہیں اور کیلشیم کو جسم میں بہتر طریقے سے جذب کرنے میں مدد دیتے ہیں۔
* وٹامن B12 اور دیگر B وٹامنز: جلد، بالوں اور ناخنوں کی صحت کے لیے ضروری ہیں۔
* کولین: دماغی صحت اور اعصابی خلیات کے درمیان بہتر تعلق کے لیے اہم ہے۔
* توانائی میں اضافہ: گرمیوں میں اکثر جسم نڈھال ہو جاتا ہے اور توانائی کی کمی محسوس ہوتی ہے۔ انڈے توانائی بحال کرنے میں مدد دیتے ہیں اور دن بھر سرگرم رہنے کے لیے ضروری طاقت فراہم کرتے ہیں۔
* جسم میں سیال کا توازن: انڈوں کے استعمال سے جسم میں سیال کا توازن برقرار رہتا ہے اور ڈی ہائیڈریشن (پانی کی کمی) کا خطرہ کم ہوتا ہے۔
* وزن کنٹرول: ناشتے میں انڈے کھانے سے پیٹ بھرا رہتا ہے اور کم کیلوری والی غذا کے ساتھ جسمانی وزن میں کمی لانے میں بھی مدد ملتی ہے۔
احتیاط:
یہ سچ ہے کہ انڈوں کی تاثیر کچھ گرم ہوتی ہے اور زیادہ مقدار میں کھانے سے ہاضمہ متاثر ہو سکتا ہے، لیکن اگر انہیں صحیح مقدار (روزانہ ایک یا دو انڈے) میں کھایا جائے تو یہ گرم موسم میں بھی نقصان دہ نہیں ہوتے بلکہ صحت کے لیے بہت مفید ثابت ہوتے ہیں۔
کیا آپ انڈوں کو اپنی خوراک میں شامل کرنے کے طریقوں کے بارے میں مزید جاننا چاہیں گے؟