What is a urinary tract infection?
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A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system. This system includes the kidneys, ureters (tubes connecting kidneys to the bladder), bladder, and urethra (tube that carries urine out of the body). Most UTIs affect the lower urinary tract, specifically the bladder aRead more
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system. This system includes the kidneys, ureters (tubes connecting kidneys to the bladder), bladder, and urethra (tube that carries urine out of the body). Most UTIs affect the lower urinary tract, specifically the bladder and the urethra.
See lessCauses:
UTIs are typically caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract through the urethra and multiplying in the bladder. The most common culprit is Escherichia coli (E. coli), a type of bacteria usually found in the gastrointestinal tract.
Several factors can increase the risk of developing a UTI:
* Anatomy: Women are more prone to UTIs because their urethra is shorter than men’s and is located close to the anus, making it easier for bacteria to enter.
* Sexual activity: Can introduce bacteria into the urethra.
* Pregnancy: Hormonal changes can make the urinary tract more susceptible to infection.
* Conditions that block urine flow: Such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate in men.
* Incomplete bladder emptying: Can allow bacteria to multiply.
* Urinary catheters: Tubes used to drain urine can introduce bacteria.
* Weakened immune system: Conditions like diabetes or certain medications can impair the body’s ability to fight off infections.
* Menopause: Hormonal changes can affect the vaginal flora, increasing UTI risk.
Types of UTIs:
UTIs are categorized based on the part of the urinary tract affected:
* Urethritis: Infection of the urethra.
* Cystitis: Infection of the bladder, often a result of urethritis spreading upward.
* Pyelonephritis: Infection of the kidneys, which is more serious and can occur if the infection spreads from the bladder.
Symptoms:
Symptoms can vary depending on which part of the urinary tract is infected, but common signs include:
* Frequent and urgent need to urinate, often passing small amounts of urine.
* Pain or a burning sensation during urination (dysuria).
* Cloudy or strong-smelling urine.
* Blood in the urine (appearing red, bright pink, or cola-colored).
* Pelvic pain (in women) or lower abdominal pain.
* Feeling tired and unwell.
If the infection has spread to the kidneys (pyelonephritis), symptoms can be more severe and may include:
* Fever and chills.
* Nausea and vomiting.
* Pain in the back, side, or groin.
It’s important to see a healthcare professional if you suspect you have a UTI, as untreated infections can lead to more serious complications, especially kidney infections.