According to data from various sources, including Wikipedia’s compilation of human body weight by country (which cites a 2013-2014 measurement study), the average weight for women in Pakistan is around 59.0 kg (130.1 lbs).

It’s important to remember that this is an average, and individual weights can vary significantly due to factors such as:

• Height: As seen with men, average weight is influenced by average height.
• Age: Weight can change with age due to various factors like metabolism shifts and lifestyle changes.
• Genetics: Genetic predisposition plays a role in body composition.
• Lifestyle: Diet, physical activity levels, and overall health habits are major determinants of weight.
• Socioeconomic Status and Nutrition: Access to nutritious food and overall living conditions can impact average weight across populations.

For context, a report on the “STATUS OF WOMEN IN PAKISTAN” mentions that only 39% of women in Pakistan fall within the normal weight range, with 9% being underweight, 30% overweight, and 22% obese. This highlights the wide range of weights within the female population.

Cynthia D. Ritchie is an American filmmaker, analyst, and social media campaigner who has been living in Pakistan since 2010. She is known for her activities on social media to uplift the image of Pakistan and has also been involved in various controversies.

Her background includes:

• Graduating from Louisiana State University with a Master’s degree in education.
• Additional graduate-level training at the University of Houston’s School of Law, Pepperdine University, and George Washington University in mass communication, criminal justice, conflict resolution, clinical, and behavioral studies.

In Pakistan, she has engaged in various activities:

• Promoting Tourism: Since about 2015, she actively promoted tourism to Pakistan through broadcast and social media.
• Filmmaking and Analysis: She describes herself as an “American freelance director, producer, and writer.” She has been involved in film projects in collaboration with Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), the media wing of Pakistan’s armed forces, and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government.
• Research and Analysis: Between 2016–2020, she researched and analyzed topics related to the Afghan-Pakistan Tribal region, fifth-generation warfare, Kashmir conflicts, and Pakistan–India relations. She has also attended policing and security conferences about Pakistan and regional conflicts.
• Work in Health Sector: She worked to improve communications in Pakistan’s health sector and also worked for institutions owned or managed by US-based Pakistani doctors. In 2011, she worked for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province’s health ministry, which collected samples from Abbottabad.
• Social Media Campaigning: She is known for her social media presence and has gained a large following. Her content often focuses on the culture and people of Pakistan.

Cynthia Ritchie has been at the center of several controversies in Pakistan. These include:

• Allegations of sexual misconduct: In June 2020, she accused former Interior Minister Rehman Malik of rape and former Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gilani, and another politician, of sexual misconduct, dating back to 2011. These politicians have denied the allegations.
• Comments about Benazir Bhutto: She also made comments on social media regarding late former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, which led to outrage and legal complaints from the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP).
• Claims of affiliation with military: She has claimed to be working with the military and security services to investigate “anti-state” links, though no formal confirmation or denial has been issued by the military.
• Questions about her presence and activities: Her continued presence and access to certain areas in Pakistan, given her activities, have raised questions among some observers.

The high failure rate in Pakistan’s Civil Superior Services (CSS) exam is a persistent issue, with multiple contributing factors. Here’s a breakdown of the main reasons:
1. Weak English Language and Writing Skills:
* Poor Grammar and Composition: Many candidates struggle with basic English grammar, sentence structure, and coherent expression, which are crucial for the English Essay and English (Precis and Composition) papers – often the subjects where most candidates fail.
* Lack of Analytical and Critical Thinking: The exam demands more than rote memorization. Candidates often fail to analyze issues critically, develop strong arguments, and present their ideas with clarity and logical structure.
* Insufficient Writing Practice: Many aspirants do not practice writing full-length answers or essays under timed conditions, leading to slow writing speed, poorly structured responses, and incomplete papers in the actual exam.
* Reliance on Memorization over Understanding: Students often prioritize memorizing facts and information rather than developing a deep understanding of concepts and the ability to articulate their own reasoned perspectives.
2. Inadequate Preparation and Study Habits:
* Unstructured Preparation: Many students lack a proper strategic plan for their preparation, leading to disorganized study and inefficient use of time.
* Outdated Resources: Reliance on brief summaries, guidebooks, or outdated class notes is common. These resources often lack the depth, critical perspective, and updated information required to excel.
* Overloading New Topics: Attempting to cover excessive new material close to the exam instead of focusing on revision can disrupt retention and cause mental exhaustion.
* Poor Subject Selection: Candidates sometimes choose optional subjects based on trends or perceived scoring potential, rather than their prior knowledge or interest, leading to poor performance.
3. Systemic and Educational Challenges:
* Outdated Examination System: Critics argue that the CSS exam system is outdated and doesn’t adequately assess modern skills needed for civil service, with a lack of dedicated cadres for crucial modern sectors like technology or finance.
* Focus on Theoretical Evaluation: The exam heavily emphasizes theoretical knowledge through long essays and extensive syllabi, which may not fully reflect a candidate’s aptitude for practical administration.
* Quality of Coaching Academies: While many candidates rely on coaching academies, some officials criticize these institutions for promoting rote learning and memorization of likely questions rather than encouraging critical thinking and originality.
* Lack of Quality Teachers: The broader education system in Pakistan may not effectively prepare students with the necessary English language and analytical skills required for the CSS exam.
* Societal Pressure and Expectations: The immense societal and familial pressure associated with the CSS exam can lead to increased anxiety, stress, and self-doubt among candidates, hindering their performance.
* Low Passing Rate: The consistently low passing rate (often around 2-3%) itself creates a sense of discouragement and intensifies the pressure on aspirants.
4. Other Factors:
* Time Management Issues: Many candidates struggle with managing their time effectively during preparation and in the actual exam.
* Lack of Originality: Over-reliance on pre-packaged answers or ideas from guidebooks can stifle originality and creative thought, which examiners often look for.
* Test Anxiety: The fear of underperformance can lead to anxiety and loss of focus, impacting a candidate’s ability to perform effectively.
In essence, a combination of individual preparation deficiencies, systemic educational shortcomings, and the demanding nature of the exam itself contributes to the high failure rate in Pakistan’s civil service examination.