نٹرنیشنل کرکٹ کونسل (آئی سی سی) نے حال ہی میں مینز کرکٹ کے تینوں فارمیٹس (ٹیسٹ، ون ڈے اور ٹی ٹوئنٹی) کے قوانین میں چند اہم تبدیلیاں کی ہیں۔ ان تبدیلیوں کا مقصد کھیل میں بلے اور گیند کے درمیان توازن قائم کرنا ہے۔

یہ تبدیلیاں آئی سی سی مینز کرکٹ کمیٹی کی سفارشات پر مبنی ہیں اور چیف ایگزیکٹوز کمیٹی نے ان کی منظوری دی ہے۔

اہم تبدیلیاں درج ذیل ہیں:

1. ون ڈے کرکٹ میں ‘دو نئی گیندوں کا اصول’ (Two-Ball Rule) میں تبدیلی:

• پہلے: ون ڈے کرکٹ میں ہر اننگز میں دونوں اینڈز سے دو نئی گیندیں (ایک ہر سرے سے) 25-25 اوورز کے لیے استعمال کی جاتی تھیں۔
• اب: نئے اصول کے مطابق، اننگز کے پہلے 34 اوورز تک دونوں نئی گیندوں کا استعمال جاری رہے گا۔ 35ویں سے 50ویں اوور کے دوران بولنگ کرنے والی ٹیم ان دونوں میں سے کسی ایک گیند کا انتخاب کرے گی، جسے باقی تمام اوورز کے لیے دونوں اینڈز سے استعمال کیا جائے گا۔
• مقصد: اس تبدیلی کا مقصد بولرز کو فائدہ پہنچانا ہے، خاص طور پر ڈیتھ اوورز میں ریورس سوئنگ حاصل کرنے میں مدد کرنا، جو مسلسل نئی گیندوں کے استعمال کی وجہ سے مشکل ہو گیا تھا۔
• اضافی نکتہ: اگر کسی میچ کو پہلی اننگز کے آغاز سے قبل 25 اوورز یا اس سے کم تک محدود کر دیا جائے تو صرف ایک نئی گیند استعمال کی جائے گی۔

2. کنکشن سبسٹیٹیوٹ (Concussion Substitute) پالیسی میں تبدیلی:

• پہلے: ٹیمیں میچ کے دوران ضرورت پڑنے پر کنکشن سبسٹیٹیوٹ کا نام دے سکتی تھیں۔
• اب: ہر ٹیم کو میچ شروع ہونے سے پہلے پانچ متبادل کھلاڑیوں کے نام میچ ریفری کو جمع کرانے ہوں گے۔ اس فہرست میں درج ذیل کھلاڑی شامل ہونے چاہیئں:
  • ایک بیٹر
  • ایک آل راؤنڈر
  • ایک وکٹ کیپر
  • ایک فاسٹ بولر
  • ایک اسپنر
• مقصد: یہ تبدیلی اس بات کو یقینی بنانے کے لیے ہے کہ کنکشن کی صورت میں صرف صحیح “لائک فار لائک” متبادل کھلاڑی ہی ٹیم میں شامل ہو سکے۔ اگر نامزد متبادل کھلاڑیوں میں سے بھی کوئی زخمی ہو جاتا ہے، تو میچ ریفری کی اجازت سے مزید کھلاڑی شامل کیا جا سکتا ہے جو ابتدائی فہرست میں نہ ہو۔

3. باؤنڈری کیچز کے قانون میں وضاحت (‘بنی ہاپ’ کیچز کی ممانعت):

• اب: یہ اصول میریلیبون کرکٹ کلب (MCC) کے تعاون سے شامل کیا گیا ہے۔ اس کے تحت وہ کیچز ناجائز قرار دیے جائیں گے جن میں فیلڈر باؤنڈری کے باہر سے چھلانگ لگاتا ہے اور بغیر کھیل کے میدان کے اندر زمین کو چھوئے ہوا میں گیند کو پکڑتا یا واپس اندر پھینکتا ہے۔
• مقصد: ایک کیچ کو جائز سمجھنے کے لیے، فیلڈر کا گیند سے پہلا رابطہ میدان کے اندر زمین پر رہتے ہوئے ہونا چاہیے۔ تاہم، اگر کوئی فیلڈر میدان کے اندر سے گیند کو چھوتا ہے، رفتار کی وجہ سے باہر چلا جاتا ہے، اور پھر کیچ مکمل کرنے کے لیے واپس اندر آتا ہے، تو یہ کیچ اب بھی جائز سمجھا جائے گا۔
• اطلاق: یہ قانون آئندہ ہفتے سے آئی سی سی کی پلےنگ کنڈیشنز میں شامل ہو جائے گا اور باضابطہ طور پر اکتوبر 2026 سے MCC کے قوانین کا حصہ بنے گا۔

ان قوانین کے نفاذ کی تاریخیں:

• ٹیسٹ میچز: 17 جون 2025 سے
• ون ڈے میچز: 2 جولائی 2025 سے
• ٹی ٹوئنٹی میچز: 10 جولائی 2025 سے

یہ تبدیلیاں صرف مینز بین الاقوامی کرکٹ پر لاگو ہوں گی۔ ان کا مقصد کھیل کو مزید دلچسپ بنانا اور بلے بازوں اور گیند بازوں کے درمیان بہتر توازن قائم کرنا ہے

Registering a business online involves several key steps, and the exact requirements can vary depending on your location (country, state, or even city) and the type of business structure you choose. However, here’s a general guide to the process:

1. Planning and Preparation:

• Develop a Business Plan: Even for an online business, a solid business plan is crucial. It should outline your products/services, target market, marketing strategy, revenue model, and financial projections.
• Choose a Business Name:
  • Brainstorm names that reflect your brand and are easy to remember.
  • Check for availability: You’ll need to ensure your chosen name isn’t already in use by another business. This typically involves checking your state’s business registry and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (for federal trademarks if in the US).
  • Check for online availability: See if the corresponding domain name and social media handles are available.
• Choose a Business Structure: This is a critical decision as it affects your legal liabilities, tax obligations, and registration requirements. Common structures include:
  • Sole Proprietorship: Simplest, single owner, no legal separation between owner and business.
  • Partnership: Two or more owners, similar liability to a sole proprietorship for general partnerships.
  • Limited Liability Company (LLC): Offers personal liability protection, separating personal and business assets.
  • Corporation: An independent legal entity separate from its owners, providing strong liability protection.
  • It’s often advisable to consult with a legal or financial professional to determine the best structure for your specific business.

2. Federal, State, and Local Registration (General Steps):

• Employer Identification Number (EIN) / Tax ID (if applicable):
  • Even if you don’t plan to hire employees, an EIN (issued by the IRS in the US) is generally recommended. It helps keep your Social Security number confidential and allows your business to open a bank account and build business credit. You can apply online through the IRS website.
• Beneficial Ownership Information (BOI) Reporting (if applicable):
  • In some countries (like the US, starting 2024), many businesses are required to report beneficial ownership information to a financial crimes enforcement network (e.g., FinCEN in the US) to identify who ultimately owns or controls a company. This is usually a one-time report unless information changes.
• State-Level Registration:
  • Most states require businesses (especially LLCs, corporations, partnerships, and nonprofits) to register with the Secretary of State’s office, a Business Bureau, or a Business Agency. Many states offer online registration.
  • This may involve filing “Articles of Organization” for an LLC or “Articles of Incorporation” for a corporation.
  • You may also need to register for state taxes (e.g., sales tax if you sell products/services).
• Local-Level Registration:
  • Depending on your city or county, you might need additional local permits or licenses. Check with your local government’s business department.
• Business Name Registration (if different from legal name): If you’re operating under a name different from your legal business name (e.g., a “doing business as” or “DBA” name), you’ll likely need to register it with your state or local government.
• Trademark Protection (Optional but Recommended): If your business name, logo, or slogan is unique, consider filing for a trademark with your country’s patent and trademark office (e.g., USPTO in the US) to protect your brand.

3. Essential Supporting Steps for Online Businesses:

• Open a Business Bank Account: Separate your personal and business finances. You’ll usually need your EIN/Tax ID and registration documents to do this.
• Build Your Online Presence:
  • Website: Choose a suitable platform (e.g., Shopify for e-commerce, WordPress for blogs/content) and design a user-friendly, mobile-optimized website.
  • Social Media: Establish a presence on relevant social media platforms to engage with your audience and drive traffic.
• Set Up Payment and Shipping Methods: For e-commerce, integrate secure payment gateways (e.g., PayPal, Stripe, credit card processors) and define your shipping and delivery options.
• Comply with Tax Requirements: Understand and comply with all applicable sales tax, income tax, and other tax obligations at federal, state, and local levels.
• Legal Documents: Draft essential legal documents like website terms and conditions, privacy policies, and refund policies.
• Obtain Licenses and Permits: Depending on your industry and location, you might need specific licenses or permits (e.g., a professional license for certain services, an e-commerce license in some regions).
• Insurance: Consider business insurance to protect against risks like cyber-attacks, liability, etc.

Important Considerations:

• Location: The laws and requirements vary significantly by country and even by state/province and city. Always check the official government websites for the specific location where your business will be based and operate.
• Industry-Specific Regulations: Certain industries have unique licensing and regulatory requirements.
• Professional Advice: It’s highly recommended to consult with a business attorney, accountant, or business advisor to ensure you meet all legal and tax obligations for your specific business and location.
• Online Portals: Many governments are moving towards digitized processes for business registration. Look for official government online portals or business centers in your region. For example, in Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Commerce and the Saudi Business Center provide online services for business registration.

By carefully following these steps and seeking professional guidance, you can successfully register your business online and lay a solid foundation for your operations.

Despite bans and strained diplomatic relations, Indian products continue to find their way into Pakistan through various illicit channels. This is primarily driven by consumer demand and the economic incentives for smugglers.

Here are the main ways Indian products are smuggled into Pakistan:

• Third-Country Routes (Circular Trade): This is the most significant and prevalent method.

  • Indian goods are first exported to third-party trade hubs like Dubai, Singapore, Malaysia, or even Afghanistan.
  • In these hubs, the origin of the goods is often disguised through re-labeling or false documentation (e.g., “Made in UAE”).
  • From these third countries, the goods are then shipped to Pakistan, appearing as if they originated from a country with which Pakistan has open trade. This bypasses direct trade restrictions and duties.
  • This method is estimated to account for a substantial volume of informal trade, potentially billions of dollars annually.

• Land Borders:

  • Afghanistan Border: Goods officially exported from India to Afghanistan are often subsequently smuggled into Pakistan via its porous border with Afghanistan, particularly near Peshawar. This is a common route for a variety of goods, including consumer items and even certain agricultural products.
  • Iran Border: While less direct for Indian goods, the rugged mountainous areas bordering Iran are also used for general smuggling, and Indian goods could potentially enter through these routes after being transported through Iran.
  • Direct Land Routes (Limited): Although official direct land trade is severely restricted, there can be “black” or illegal trade carried out by land borders, often through less-traveled routes in border regions.

• Sea Routes:

  • Smugglers also utilize sea routes along the Arabian Sea to directly transport illicit goods to Pakistani ports, bypassing official customs checks.
  • Even vessels merely transiting through Pakistani ports (Reshipment on Board – RoB cargo) have been a point of contention and scrutiny for authorities, though recent clarifications suggest some exemptions for these.

• Misuse of Legal Channels (Less Common but Possible):

  • Historically, there have been instances of misuse of “green channel” facilities at international airports or railway stations under personal baggage schemes, though with current strict bans, this would be highly risky.
  • Diplomatic bonded warehouses, intended for foreign diplomats, have also been cited as potential avenues for illicit goods to enter the market.

Types of Products Smuggled:

A diverse range of Indian products are smuggled, including:

• Textiles (sarees, fancy dresses)
• Pharmaceuticals and raw materials (APIs)
• Cosmetics, toiletries (soap, cream, shampoo, hair oil)
• Spices and herbs (cardamom, cinnamon, Jaiphal, Javitri)
• Tea
• Automobile parts and tires
• Jewellery
• Fruits and vegetables
• Tobacco items (gutka, betel leaves)
• Paper and paper products
• Crockery
• Industrial machinery, cement

Impact of Smuggling:

• Loss of Revenue: Smuggling results in significant losses in customs revenue and taxes for the Pakistani government, estimated to be trillions of Rupees annually.
• Harm to Local Industry: Artificially cheap smuggled goods, which bypass duties and taxes, undermine local industries in Pakistan, making it difficult for domestic producers to compete.
• Health and Safety Risks: Smuggled food, herbs, and pharmaceutical items are often not checked for health and safety standards, posing risks to public health.
• Black Market Growth: It fuels a thriving black market and shadow economy, which is estimated to be a significant portion of Pakistan’s GDP.

Pakistani authorities are attempting to crack down on smuggling through increased surveillance, intensified anti-smuggling operations, and inter-agency coordination, but the porous borders and the ingenuity of smugglers continue to pose significant challenges

It’s difficult to provide an exact figure for how many millions of dollars Israel is currently spending to stop Iranian missile attacks, as these costs are ongoing and fluctuate based on the intensity of attacks and defensive operations. However, here’s what we know about the costs involved:
* High Cost of Interceptors: Israel’s multi-layered air defense system (Iron Dome, David’s Sling, Arrow) relies on expensive interceptor missiles.
* Iron Dome: Each interceptor missile costs approximately $50,000.
* David’s Sling and Arrow: These systems, designed for medium and long-range missiles, have interceptors that can cost over $2 million each, with some estimates for Arrow interceptors going up to $3.5 million.
* Significant Costs for Barrages: When Iran launches large barrages of missiles and drones, the defensive costs can be substantial. For example, some reports indicate that Israel spent over $1 billion in a single night to defend against a major Iranian attack in April 2024. Other estimates for specific Iranian attacks put Israel’s defense costs in the range of $360 million to $630 million.
* Ongoing Development and Maintenance: Beyond intercepting attacks, Israel also spends billions of dollars annually on developing, maintaining, and upgrading its sophisticated air defense systems. The US has also invested significantly, providing billions in funding for these projects.
* Economic Disparity: A key aspect of this “economic warfare” is that the interceptor missiles used by Israel are significantly more expensive than the drones and missiles often launched by Iran or its proxies. This creates a financial strain on Israel, as they must expend high-cost munitions to counter relatively cheaper threats.
While a precise daily or weekly cost is not publicly available, it’s clear that defending against Iranian missile attacks requires a multi-million, and often multi-billion, dollar investment from Israel, with substantial support from the United States.

ک ٹاک کے ذریعے وائرل ہونے والی بیوٹی ٹپس بچوں اور نوجوانوں کی جِلد کے لیے نقصان دہ ثابت ہو سکتی ہیں۔

حالیہ تحقیق اور ماہرین کی تنبیہات کے مطابق ٹک ٹاک کی بیوٹی ٹپس سے درج ذیل خطرات لاحق ہوسکتے ہیں؛

1. ایک سے زائد فعال اجزا کا استعمال

نو عمر لڑکیاں روزانہ تقریباً 6 مختلف مصنوعات استعمال کرتی ہیں۔ کبھی 12 سے زیادہ جن میں گلائیکولک ایسڈ، سیلیسائلک ایسڈ، ریٹینوئڈز جیسے نقصان دہ اجزا ہوتے ہیں۔ یہ اجزا جِلد کی جلن، خشک پن، سوجن اور الرجی جیسے مسائل پیدا کر سکتے ہیں۔

2. شمسی شعاعوں سے بچانے والی مصنوعات کا فقدان

صرف 26٪ بیوٹی روٹینز میں سن اسکرین شامل ہوتی ہے، جبکہ بہت سی مصنوعات سن سنسٹیوٹی بڑھا دیتی ہیں جو کہ طبی نقصانات، جیسے جلد کے کینسر اور دھبے کا خطرہ بڑھا دیتا ہے۔

3. جذباتی اور ذہنی اثرات

باقاعدگی سے لائٹر، “برائٹر یا anti‑ageing بیوٹی پروڈکٹس دکھانے سے نوجوانوں میں خود اعتمادی کم ہوتی جا رہی ہے۔

4. خطرناک ہیکس

اجزا جیسے لیمن جوس، خود ساختہ سن اسکرین، ٹوتھ پیسٹ، بیکنگ سوڈا، خود ساختہ مائیکرو نیڈلنگ، اور essential oils بغیر علمِ طب کے خطرناک تجربات ہیں اور یہ سب جِلد کی حفاظتی تہہ میں نقصان پہنچا سکتے ہیں